Hydrogen, fuel cells, and infrastructure technologies fy 2002 progress report 271 introduction while different developers are addressing improvements in individual components and subsystems in automotive fuel cell propulsion systems e. Modules and power plant pem fuel cell modules siemens has put every effort into integrating the pem fuel cell stack, valves, piping, and sensors as well as the corresponding module electronics control and the ancillaries into a single container making the best use of the limited space on board. High temperature pem fuel cells direct methanol fuel cells. High temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for. Protonexchange membrane fuel cells, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells pemfc, are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary fuel cell applications and portable fuel cell applications. Two pem fuel cell stacks in parallel will produce 250 a and 60 volts at rated power. Reformed methanol fuel cell rmfc or indirect methanol fuel cell imfc systems are a subcategory of protonexchange fuel cells where, the fuel, methanol ch 3 oh, is reformed, before being fed into the fuel cell. In the last few years, increasing attention has been paid to pem fuel cells, as promising device for decentralized energy production, both in stationary and automotive field, thanks to high compactness, low weight high powertoweight ratio, high modularity, good efficiency and fast startup and response to load changes. Fuel processor system fuel processor system goals table 2 summarizes the goals for the phase 3a fuel processor, which is the 2005 generation system that was updated during 2006 and was testing at the time of the writing of this paper. Pem fuel cells with bioethanol processor systems is divided into two parts. Apr 29, 2012 a short animation to explain how a proton exchange membrane fuel cell pemfc works. High temperature pem in general high temperature protonexchangemembrane htpem is the core of the fuel cells running above 150 c.
This excludes the low temperature pemfc for now, though studies on high temperature pem fuel cell htpem has shown a higher tolerance of co10. A steam reformer design that uses catalytic combustion of fuel to supply heat for the endothermic reaction in a tubular shell and tube reactor can achieve a fuel processor efficiency of about 84%. Polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells have become a research interest in the past few decades as an alternative source of energy because they are a more efficient and clean means of energy generation than the conventional burning of fossil fuels. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system on ethanol. Fcs are electrochemical devices that are used to convert chemical energy of fuels such as hydrogen and methanol to electricity. Pacing technology issues alternate catalyst materials to platinum lower cost membranes low cost mea manufacturing. A short animation to explain how a proton exchange membrane fuel cell pemfc works. Hierarchical control of an integrated fuel processing and fuel cell. Fuel cell magazine 2005 advanced fuel cell diagnostic techniques for measuring mea resistance scribner associates, inc. Pem fuel cells with bioethanol processor systems is intended for use by researchers and advanced students on chemical, electricalelectronic and mechanical engineering courses in which dynamics and control are incorporated with the traditional steadystate coverage of flowsheet synthesis, engineering economics and optimization. Does strategy to implement its fuel cells for transportation program has three components. The fuel cell promises to deliver clean and efficient power by combining hydrogen and oxygen in a simple electrochemical device that directly converts chemical energy to electrical energy. Fuel cells are similar to batteries in that they both.
A multidisciplinary study of modelling, simulation, fault. High temperature pem fuel cell systems, control and. With this book, engineers can test components and verify designs in the development phase, saving both time and money. By reforming methanol into a high energy reformat gas, the concentration of co, in the gas, is often up to several percent.
Major doe fuel cell research and development contractors. Automotive fuel processing systems for pem fuel cells. This article presents a 1 kw low temperature pem fuel cell system with fuel processor, the system is fueled by a mixture of methanol and water that is converted into. The development of new component materials with increased performance and costeffectiveness is a critical part of emerging fuel cell research. There are a variety of viable reactor design options available for the reforming of methanol to produce hydrogen for pem fuel cells. Considerable advantages can be gained from the use of a steammethanol reformer with a palladiumsilver alloy membrane, hydrogen purification unit. A dynamic model of a hightemperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell with a fuel processor is developed in this study.
Pngv has targeted pem fuel cell power systems as one of the promising technologies for achieving 80mpg fuel economy in a lightweight, midsize passenger vehicle. Simulation of a 25 kw steammethanol fuel processorpem. This study focuses on performance analysis of a 1 microcogeneration system based on a high temperature proton exchange membrane htpem fuel cell by means of parametric investigation. The use of hydrocarbon fed fuel cell systems including a fuel processor can be an entry market for this emerging technology avoiding the problem of hydrogen infrastructure. Hydrogen storage methods are currently limited by their inability to meet the practical requirements of safety, weight, and cost considerations winter, 2009. The simulated system consists of an integrated process of ethanol steam reforming, followed by wgs separation and a pem fuel cell stack. The idatech fcs1200 fuel cell system is supplied by a mixture of methanol and water with 66 weight % of methanol and 34 weight% of deionized water. Simulation of a 25 kw steammethanol fuel processorpem fuel. Extraction of the energy proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Proton is transported through membrane to cathode while electricity is yielded in external circuit. The attached gold leads included with the pem electrolyzer and pem fuel cells may be inserted into redblack terminals of the fuel cells if attaching other devices such as solar panels and small wind turbines using crocodile clip type leads cables. Proton exchange membrane pem fuel cells sigmaaldrich. Fuel processors for pem fuel cells, levi thompson, university of michigan charm costeffective, highefficiency advanced reforming module, thomas m. The fuel cells are intended to complement the existing diesel generator, which is used to deliver power to the three phase system and to charge the batteries used for the low.
In the proton exchange membrane pem fuel cell, hydrogen molecules ionize on the anode to form protons and electrons. Quick starting fuel processorsa feasibility study pdf 1. As in classical pem fuel cells technology, hydrogen is electrochemically split to proton and electron on anode. Pem fuel cells with bioethanol processor systems a. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells pemfc jens oluf jensen summer school on materials for the hydrogen society, reykjavik, june 19. For all of these systems, improved fuel processing and cleanup, especially for fuel. Building upon its ultracompact fuel reformer and fuel reforming catalytic reactor technologies, pci is optimizing its fuel reformer. Bop components such as pumps and controller are separately packaged. Current and temperature distributions in a pem fuel cell. Protonexchange membrane fuel cells, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells pemfc, are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary fuelcell applications and portable fuelcell applications. The heart of pem fuel cells is the membrane electrode assembly mea, which has so far been produced by using only polymer electrolyte membranes. Methanol is an attractive fuel because it is liquid at ambient temperature, has a much higher energy density than hydrogen and low reforming temperature 220300 c.
Hydrogen, the most plentiful element available, can be extracted from water by electrolysis. The renault nuvera program is developing a multifuel fuel processing system fps to provide hydrogen for a pem fuel cell. Fuel processor pem fuel cell systems for energy generation. In the last few years, increasing attention has been paid to pem fuel cells, as promising device for decentralized energy production, both in stationary and automotive field, thanks to high compactness, low weight high powertoweight ratio, high modularity, good efficiency and. Rmfc systems offer advantages over direct methanol fuel cell dmfc systems including higher efficiency, smaller cell stacks, no. Modeling of pem fuel cell stacks with hydraulic network approach j. They have been used for decades in the aerospace applications, and are now rapidly finding use in automotive, residential, and stationary power fields. Apr 04, 2016 the heart of pem fuel cells is the membrane electrode assembly mea, which has so far been produced by using only polymer electrolyte membranes. Extraction of the energy proton exchange membrane fuel. The fuel cells subprogram is also pursuing polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells as replacements for internal combustion engines ices in lightduty vehicles to increase vehicle efficiency and support the goals of reducing oil use in and emissions from the transportation sector. Design of a fuel processor unit for pem fuel cell via shortcut design method. Fuel cell fuel cell hydrogenhydrogen qhydrogen can be derived from fuels such as ethanol, methanol, natural gas, gasoline or ft fuels.
The electrons pass through an electrical circuit, and the protons diffuse through an acidic polymer membrane nafion or some variant to the cathode side. Very simple system designs are possible using pure hydrogen, and more complex system designs present themselves when alternative fuels are desired, using reformer systems. Technologies and applications the open fuel cells journal, 20, volume 6 11 the drawback of the technology is that dmfc actually detain an efficiency around 35 % which is the lowest among. What are the electrochemical reactions happening in a fuel cell. The manufacture of these membranes, however, is highly complex and expensive, limiting mea production to a few companies around the globe. At the cathode, the protons, electrons, and oxygen molecules combine to form water. Many targets, such as the volume remain the same as phase 2. In addition, the program supports fuel cells for material. Complexity, cost, and startup issues fuel processor fuel processor q hydrogen can be stored and supplied directly to the fuel cell. The hydrogen economy is fast approaching as petroleum reserves are rapidly consumed. Another fuel methanol has great promise to be used in pem fuel cells. Fuel cells are clean, efficient devices that react fuels such as hydrogen and methanol via an electrochemical pathway, thereby generating electricity. Li department of mechanical engineering, university of waterloo, canada.
New material needs for hydrocarbon fuel processing. The idea for this thesis was to design a specification of requirements for a fuel cell system for the electric power production in a 77foot sailing ship named ts prolific. Simplified production method for pem fuel cells h2. A mathematical model for a system consisting of a fuel processor steam reforming reactor and watergas shift reactor, a htpem fuel cell stack, and the balanceofplant components was developed. This spotlight focuses on materials for proton exchange membrane pem fuel cells, also referred to as polymeric electrolyte membrane fuel cells, which operate at relatively low temperatures 80 c. Comparison of methanolbased fuel processors for pem fuel. Request pdf methanol fuel processor and pem fuel cell modeling for mobile application the use of hydrocarbon fed fuel cell systems including a fuel. The system is designed to take in medium sulfur fuel with pem or with additional co cleanup for use in a low temperature pem fuel cell. Pem fuel cell modeling and simulation using matlab. As soon as the mixture gets into the fuel processor it is evaporated inside the evaporation unit. Comparison of methanolbased fuel processors for pem fuel cell systems article in applied catalysis b environmental 5612. Advanced fuel cell diagnostic techniques for measuring mea. Pem fuel cell modeling and simulation using matlab, provides design engineers and researchers with a valuable tool for understanding and overcoming barriers to designing and building the next generation of pem fuel cells.
Mar 22, 2018 an alternative is to use fuel cells fcs. The program is divided into four phases as described below. Develop a 65% peakefficient, direct hydrogen fuel cell power system for. Fuel cell systems employ an entirely different approach to the production of electricity than traditional combustion based prime mover technologies. The low tolerance of pem fuel cell anode electrocatalyst, to the carbon monoxide produced during reforming, necessitates a hydrogen purification or carbon monoxide cleanup subsystem. Find information about several basic components found in many fuel cell systems. Overview of the fuel cells available, the proton exchange membrane pem type is the subject of much research in recent years due to its high efficiency, ruggedness, and lowtemperature operation. The design of fuel cell systems is complex, with no moving parts, and can vary significantly depending upon fuel cell type and application. Johnson matthey fuel cells limited johnson matthey specialises in manufacturing membrane electrode assembly mea components for developers and manufacturers of polymer electrolyte fuel cell pemfc, phosphoric acid fuel cells pafc systems for hydrogen, reformate and direct methanol operation. This article presents a 1 kw low temperature pem fuel cell system with fuel processor, the system is fueled by a mixture of methanol and water that is converted into hydrogen rich gas using a. Holmes, nuvera fuel cells pdf 403 kb platebased fuel processing system, david yee, catalytica energy systems, inc. The manufacture of these membranes, however, is highly complex and expensive, limiting mea production to a. Methanol fuel processor and pem fuel cell modeling for mobile. Rmfc systems offer advantages over direct methanol fuel cell dmfc systems including higher efficiency, smaller cell stacks, no water management, better operation at low.
Multifuel fuel processor and pem fuel cell system for. They have been used for decades in the aerospace applications, and are now rapidly finding use in. High temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Both parts give detailed analyses of modeling, simulation, advanced control, and fault diagnosis. Abstract polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells convert the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen directly into electrical energy.
Chapter 8 modeling of pem fuel cell stacks with hydraulic. Storage and infrastructure issues h 2 rich gas fuel options for pem transportation systems. Parametric analysis of a high temperature pem fuel cell. Pem fuel cells with bioethanol processor systems, edited by marta s. Inadequate infrastructure for hydrogen refueling, distribution, and storage makes fuel processor tech nology an important part of the fuel cell system. These may be also used to attach various loads to pem fuel cells. Chapter 4 results on the system analysis of the fuel processor pem fuel cell system fed with ethanol. Methanol fuel processor and pem fuel cell modeling for. Automotive fuel processing systems for pem fuel cells 200007 recent commitment from automotive manufacturers to manufacture prototype fuel cell vehicles in the near future has highlighted the need for fuel processing systems ready for automotive integration. The power module will consist of a fuel processor and co cleanup, fuel cell, air, fuel, water. Introduction pem fuel cells with bioethanol processor systems, edited by marta s. Various system topologies are available when it comes to designing high temperature pem fuel cell systems.
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