Analysis of pour point of vegetable oils and effect of. Impacts of viscosity, density and pour point to the wax. Pdf synthesis of crude oil pourpoint depressants via. Synthesis of chemical additives and their effect on akholjuni. The pour point depressant ppd improves flow properties of waxy crude oil by modifying the morphology and structure of wax crystals, and this modification, i. Currently, production of a condensate has started that blends with the waxy crude. Research and existing problems of pour point depressantviscosity. According to the table 2, the highest pour point is dulang and the lowest pour point is tapis.
The objective of adding pour point depressant is to improve the fluidity of crude oil. The influence of nanocomposite pour point depressant on. Hexatriethanolamine oleate esters as pour point depressant. Preparation and evaluation of polymeric pour point. A series of polyacrylate ester pae was prepared by freeradical polymerization. Vessels are loaded through an spm single point mooring 23 miles offshore which can accommodate ships up to 312,000 dwt, a 345,000 mt displacement limit and bcm equal to 175 meters maximum. In the further study, the effect of the concentration on the pour point was investigated. The pour point of a crude oil, or a petroleum fraction, is the lowest temperature at which the oil will pour or flow when it is cooled, without stirring, under standard cooling conditions. The effects of ppd on wats, abnormal points, pour points, rheological properties and waxcrystal morphology were studied in detail in this paper. Pour point depressant an overview sciencedirect topics. As leaders in the industry, clariant refinery services offers a broad range of pour point depressants designed to meet the customers specifications in a variety of streams and applications like transport of crudes, middle distillates including heating oil, heavy oils, waxy components and biodiesel or in marine diesel blends.
At present, the most popular method is adding the pour point depressant to reduce the pour point of crude oil and increase its liquidity. However, understanding based on wax crystal lattice parameter is still lacking to explain the microscopic interaction mechanism between wax oil and nanocomposite pour point depressant. Crude assay report on crude oil sample marked al shaheen crude oil on behalf of maersk oil qatar as dated 10th april 2006. A process for reducing the pour point of a crude oil which comprises adding a pour point depressant selected from the group consisting of a raw tar sands bitumen and hydrotreated tar sands bitumen to form a blend possessing a relatively lower pour point.
The influence of nanocomposite pour point depressant on the. Crude samples were obtained from the eastern oil a, rudrasagar and western gandhar, south kadi, kosamba and ankleshwar parts of the country of which three crude oils. The crude oil in hainan fushan oilfield has the characteristics of high pour point pp and bad low temperature flow properties. The pour point yield point refers to the lowest temperature at which a sample of an oil, in the course of cooling, still just flows. Effect of 250 ppm pour point depressant on the rheological behaviour ofwaxy crude oil at. Types and application of pour point depressant of crude. When the dosage of dra is small, the dra cannot increase, stop, or slow down the precipitation of wax crystals. Ki51 should be applied to oil above its cloud point continuously into the crude at a rate of 100 ppm to.
Dimer and trimer form of ethanolamine were esterified with oleic acid to prepare the corresponding monoester hafiz and abdou, 2003. Synthesis of crude oil pourpoint depressants via polycondensation of cashew nut shell liquids. Pdf effects of pour point depressant of evanano mmt. The pourpoint depressant ppd improves flow properties of waxy crude oil by modifying the morphology and structure of wax crystals, and this modification, i. Pour point represents the lowest temperature at which oil is capable of flowing under gravity. General application ptppd010 improves the fluidity of very waxy crude oils so that they can be pipelined at temperature below. The crude oil is paraffinic and has the following properties. Crude samples were obtained from the eastern oila, rudrasagar and western gandhar, south kadi, kosamba and ankleshwar parts of the country of which three crude oils. Pour point depressant for waxy crude oil asghar chemical op 14 may 03 05. Each chemical additive was added crude oil sample at the to concentrations of 0. Effect of temperature and pour point depressant on the rheology of indian waxy crude oil. Pour point depressants ptcppd010 pour point depressant for. In crude oil, a high pour point is generally associated with a high paraffin content, typically found in crude deriving from a larger proportion of plant material astm standard d5949, 2003. Standard test method for pour point of petroleum products1.
Pour point depressants reduce the pour point of crude oils, mineral oils andor mineral oil products. However, the pour pointthe temperature below which crude oil becomes plastic and will not flowis important to recovery and transport and is always determined. A newstyle pour point depressant ppd for crude oil was prepared by mixing the aminated copolymer and the composite commercial ethylenevinyl acetate copolymers eva in fixed proportion. From a new well the expected oil production is around 1200 bopd and water, initially 50 bwpd and with the time increases to about 5000 bwpd.
Paper open access research and existing problems of pour. Abstractin this paper, the data of wax precipitation before and after the addition of the additives showed that the addition of the drag reducing agent dra and the pour point depressant ppd cannot change the wax appearance temperature wat of crude oil. The pour point of a liquid is the temperature below which the liquid loses its flow characteristics. Surface properties additives fuel oil pour point depressant compatibility. In crude oil a high pour point is generally associated with a high paraffin content, typically found in crude deriving from a larger proportion of plant material. A wide variety of crude oil pour point depressant options are available to you, such as application. Investigation into a pour point depressant for shengli. Pour point depressants evonik oil additives evonik industries. Paraffin precipitation during pipeline transport of waxy crude oils gives rise to several challenges, including wax deposition, flow reduction, and gel formation, which adversely impacts pipeline performance. Pour point is seen in crude oils that are derivatives of kerogen ii. Jun 08, 2017 pour point depressants reduce the pour point of crude oils, mineral oils andor mineral oil products.
Development and property evaluation of fj2 crude oil pour. The results of experiments indicated that ppd lowers wats. Pour point reduction for waxy themark corporation phone. The morphology and structure of wax crystals is one of the most important factors influencing flow properties of waxy crude oils. Physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products. The results were encouraging up to the optimum length of pendant side chains of ppd. Characteristic temperatures of waxy crude oils zhu yingru, zhang jinjun, li hongying and chen jun beijing key laboratory of urban oil and gas distribution technology, china university of petroleum, beijing 102249, china abstract. Examples of pour point depressant used in was deposition study. Pour point depressant for waxy crude oil chemical plant.
The effect of pour point depressant varies widely with respect to the oil but they are most effective with thinner oils such as sae 10, sae 20, and sae 30 grades. Synthesis of chemical additives and their effect on. Pour point depressants ptcppd010 pour point depressant for pipeline transportation of waxy crude oil description ptppd010 is a blend of ashless organic polymers in xylene as a petroleum solvent. Qua iboe crude oil parcel sizes are normally about 950,000 barrels, but up to two million barrels can be loaded. The pour point and rheological behaviour of the crude oil with these prepared additives were studied. Relationship between waxy crude oil composition and change. The background of using the pour point depressant is that wax precipitation causes several challenges during oil extraction and pipeline transport of. To reduce the operating cost during production of waxy crude oil and for lowering the energy consumption and ensuring safety and cost effectiveness in pipeline. Pour point depressant are widely used for improving the low temperature fluidity of crude oil along with preventing the generation of waxy crystalline clusters. Ppd pour point depressant is the crude oil flow improver.
Ppds decrease the pour point temperatures of the crude oil and then weaken the wax. Astm d5853 17a standard test method for pour point of crude. The procedure was carried out on the pure crude oil samples as the reference point. The main components of pour point depressant viscosity reducer include ethyleneacrylate copolymer, ethylenevinyl acetatesodium allylsulfonate copolymer, vinyl acetateacrylate maleic anhydride. Pour point depressant,pour point,heattreatment temperature,fushan crude oil abstract. Optimization of pour point depressant treating rates for. Types and application of pour point depressant of crude oil. Wetting and dispersing products these products also show a reduction in crude pour point, in spite of the fact, they were developed for a different industry. Hence, rheological characterization of crude oils from eight major producing fields was conducted using two commercial pour point depressants ppd obtained from thermax. Waxy crude oil distributes in many countries such as china. We produce such as clay stabilizer,shale inhibitor,friction reducer etc types and application of pour point depressant of crude oil.
Pourpoint depression of crude oils by addition of tar sand. For the measurement of the pour point, standardized test methods are used. Pour point depressant ppd has been continuously injected into the oil production manifold handling high pour point crude to cause the formation of a sufficiently weak gel in the subsea pipeline to enable restart after a long shutin. Relationship between waxy crude oil composition and change in. Us3726653a polymeric pour point depressant for residual. Experimental study of utilization of plant seed oil as. To reduce the operating cost during production of waxy crude oil and for lowering the energy consumption and ensuring safety and cost effectiveness in pipeline transportation of waxy crude an extensive study of the rheological characteristics of. Studies of poly ethylene acrylic acid derivatives as pour point depressants of waxy crude oils. Pour point depressant, pour point,heattreatment temperature,fushan crude oil abstract. Preparation and evaluation of some surfactants as pour point.
Based on the analysis of fushan crude oil physical. Pourpoint depression of crude oils by addition of tar. The efficiency of these copolymers as pour point depressants is quite good as there is a reduction of the pour point temperature from 27 to 6c, depending on the composition and the location of the crude oil tested. It is defined as the minimum temperature in which the oil has the ability to pour down from a beaker. Preparation and evaluation of polymeric pour point depressant. There are two main methods used to detect the pour point of the liquid, i. Polymeric wax inhibitors and pour point depressants for waxy crude oils. Advances in the research of polymeric pour point depressant for.
Effects of pour point depressant of evanano mmt composites on changqing crude oil. As a result, the wax crystals become more compact with less liquid oil in the threedimension structure. In this paper, the prepared surfactants were evaluated as pour point depressant flow improver for waxy crude oils with different wax and asphaltene content. Chemical additives are improved by reducing the freezing point of crude oil, reducing the viscosity of crude oil and reducing the flow resistance. Point depressants ppds flow improvers are used as chemical additives when transporting crude oils at temperature below their wax appearance temperature. The crude oil in hainan fushan oilfield has the characteristics of high pour pointpp and bad low temperature flow properties. Research into the effects of pourpoint depressant on. Investigation into a pour point depressant for shengli crude oil. Gel point or pour point is widely used to evaluate the low temperature flowability of crude oil. Studies of poly ethylene acrylic acid derivatives as pour point. Lead oilfield solutions company is a professional manufacturer and supplier of drilling fluid loss additives, corrosion inhibitor and demulsifier in qingdao, china. The background of using the pour point depressant is that wax precipitation causes several challenges during oil extraction and pipeline transport of waxy crude oils, including wax deposition, plugging of the pipeline and damage to the oil drilling equipment, which, collectively, adversely impacts pipeline performance. Composition of pour point depressantviscosity reducer of crude oil in china. Pdf paraffin precipitation during pipeline transport of waxy crude oils gives rise to several challenges, including wax deposition, flow reduction.
Jul, 2018 effect of temperature and pour point depressant on the rheology of indian waxy crude oil. Crude containing the pour point depressant also builds to a higher viscosity prior to slippage, enabling more effective restart after shutin events. Investigation into the flow assurance of waxy crude oil by. Effects of pourpoint depressants on indian crude oils.
Manufacturer of pour point depressant offered by ganesh benzoplast limited, mumbai, maharashtra. Pdf research and existing problems of pour point depressant. Pour point reduction for waxy crude oil section 2 hazards identification. The paes were used as pour point depressant for crude oil from yumen oil field. Paper open access research and existing problems of. Effect of drag reducer and pour point depressant on the. The experimental investigations furnishes that there is significant decrease in rheological. Pdf polymeric wax inhibitors and pour point depressants for. Synthesis of crude oil pour point depressants via polycondensation of cashew nut shell liquids. It was found that the ester compounds were efficient as both pour point depressants and flow improvers for the crude oil tested 51.
Effect of drag reducer and pour point depressant on the wax. Small dosages of polymeric wax inhibitors or pour point depressants comprise an effective preventative measure. The main components of pour point depressantviscosity reducer include ethyleneacrylate copolymer, ethylenevinyl acetatesodium allylsulfonate copolymer, vinyl acetateacrylate maleic anhydride. The dose of pour point depressants in neat waxy crude oil was varied upto 750 ppm and temperature was varied from 60oc to 40oc. Crude oil has two pour points that give an approximate value of the temperature window based on the thermal history. Pour point depressants ptcppd010 pour point depressant. In this paper, the prepared surfactants were evaluated as pour point depressantflow improver for waxy crude oils with different wax.
Because these materials depress the pour point of oil. The present invention provides a process for reducing the pour point of a crude oil by adding a pourpoint depressant selected from the group consisting of raw bitumen and hydrotreated bitumen to form a blend possessing a relatively lower pour point. Pdf studies of poly ethylene acrylic acid derivatives as pour point. An optimized amount of go 1 wt % in nanocomposite results in improved flow characteristics of crude oil, providing a notable 18 c depression in the pour point and upto 99% reduction in its apparent viscosity down to 0. Addition of pour point depressants to the oil to improve the extract efficiency is an effective way to prevent the generation of waxy crystalline clusters. Keeping this in view, experimental works were carried out to study the variation of rheological properties of indian waxy crude oil without or with fatty acid ester, a pour point depressant. Pour point depressant of crude oil research india publications. Wax formation mechanisms, wax chemical inhibitors and. In this article, the structural character, functionality, and mechanisms of. The most efficient products are within the hyperbranched polyamines, such as disperbyk2150.
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